过去完成时的用法，前面已经学过“现在完成时”，用来表示“动作已经完成的状态”。而现在要介绍的“过去完成时”用法和“现在完成时”一样，两者的差别只在于“过去时间”和“动词过去式”的写法而已，所以“过去完成时”就是“过去时间里，动作已经完成”的意思!
必学重点
had +动词ed+过去时间=过去已经+完成……
重点分析1
现在完成时=have / has+动词ed， 动词加上ed之后，被称为过去分词，性质算是形容词 / 副词;而过去完成时只需要将have / has改成 had，并配合过去时间就完成了!
例句分析
他昨天已经洗车了。
中文：他昨天已经洗车了。
英文：他+已经+洗+车+昨天(wash的过去分词=washed)
=他+had+washed+车+昨天
=He had washed the car yesterday.(O)
常见错误：He has washed the car yesterday.(X)
过去完成时要将have / has改成had。
注意
之前学过“arrive”=“抵达”的意思，通常“抵达大的地方”是“国家 / 城市”会用in这个介词，写成“arrive+in+国家 / 城市”，若“抵达小的地方”是“公园 / 车站”会用at这个介词，写成“arrive+at+公园 / 车站”。
马上试试看1
下面的题目中，“去日本了”表示玛丽现在人还在日本，所以要用gone而不是been!一起来看看和玛丽的日本之旅相关的句子吧!
1.玛丽昨天已经去(gone)日本了吗?
2.是的，她昨天已经去日本了。
3.她何时抵达日本(arrive in Japan)的?
4.她昨天下午2点抵达日本。
5.比利昨天也已经抵达(arrived)日本了吗?
6.是的，比利昨天早上(yesterday morning)已经抵达日本了。
7.今天早上(this morning) 你已经打电话(called)给他们了吗?
8.是的，今天早上11点我已经打给他们了。
9.今天早上他们已经完成(finished)他们的工作了吗?
10.当我打给他们时，他们已经完成了他们的工作。
重点分析2
before除了可以当时间副词“以前”之外，“before”也可以当连词。而before的用法和when相同，都可放在句首 / 句中连接前后两个句子。
例句分析
在我回家以前，我弟弟已经生病了。
1.(Before+句1+句2)
中文：在我回家之前，我弟弟已经生病了。(is的过去分词=been)
英文：Before+我回家+我弟弟已经是生病了
=Before I came home , my brother had been sick.(O)
常见错误：My brother had sick.(X)
sick是形容词，不是动词，唯一的动词是is，所以要将be动词is改成过去分词=been。
2.(句1+before+句2)
中文：在我回家以前，我弟弟已经生病了。(is的过去分词=been)
英文：我弟弟已经生病了+before+我回家
=My brother had been sick before I came home.(O)
马上试试看2
下面的句子中会练习到before的连词用法，搭配过去完成时一起写写看!
1.在你到达这里以前，你妈妈已经生病了。
2.她何时生病的?
3.6天之前(six days ago)你妈妈已经生病了。
4.她喝过任何的(any)水吗?
5.是的，她已经喝了(drunk)一些水，在你到达这里以前。
6.你想要吃一些面包吗?
7.我现在不饿。
8.我来这之前，我已经吃了(eaten)许多东西(many things)了。
参考答案
马上试试看1
1. Had Mary gone to Japan yesterday?
2. Yes, she had gone to Japan yesterday.
3. When did she arrive in Japan?
4. She arrived in Japan at two o’clock yesterday afternoon.
5. Had Billy also arrived in Japan yesterday?
6. Yes, Billy had arrived in Japan yesterday morning.
7. Had you called them this morning?
8. Yes, I had called them at eleven o’clock this morning.
9. Had they finished their work this morning?
10. When I called them , they had finished their work.
马上试试看2
1. Before you arrived here, your mother had been sick.
2. When was she sick?
3. Your mother had been sick six days ago.
4. Did she drink any water?
5. Yes, she had drunk some water before you arrived here.
6. Do you want to eat some bread?
7. I am not hungry now.
8. I had eaten many things before I came here.(Before I came here, I had eaten many things.)
