雅思阅读长难句解析——主语从句
Example 1
真题回放：From a detailed analysis of the salamanders' family tree,however, it is clear that the other lineages evolved from an ancestor that itself had lost the ability to metamorphose. (剑10阅读)
译文：然而，从对蝾螈家谱的详细分析来看，很明显，其他血统是由一种本身已经失去变形能力的祖先进化而来的。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句。it是形式主语，第一个that引导的是主语从句;该从句中又包含一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰an ancestor。
Example 2
真题回放：What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don't bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. (剑10阅读)
译文：然而，我们还没有完全理解的是，为什么有些树木会产生红色素，而其他的树木则不会，只是呈现出橙色或黄色色调。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句。What引导的是主语从句;why引导的是表语从句，该表语从句又是由while连接的两个简单句组成的并列句，while前后的句子是对比关系。
Example 3
真题回放：In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. (剑6阅读)
译文：实际上，现在如果任何人想获得进行研究工作的许可都要请教社区的人，他们可以帮助设置研究的日常安排，反映他们最关注的问题。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句。it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句;该从句中又包含一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the communities。
Example 4
真题回放：From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. (剑7阅读)
译文：根据这些事实，可以推断出穿越白令海峡的主要迁徙潮一共有三次。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
Example 5
真题回放：It was found that children from the noisy schools had higher blood pressure and were more easily distracted than those who attended the quiet schools. (剑7阅读)
译文：我们发现，来自有噪声学校的小学生血压较高，和那些在安静学校上学的小学生相比，他们更容易分心。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句。It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句;该从句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰those。
Example 6
真题回放：This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear to be demonstrating talent in particular areas. (剑10阅读)
译文：在一些孩子身上，这种情况(自我调节的学习策略)频繁发生，他们似乎在特定的领域具有天分。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句，such…that引导的是结果状语从句。
Example 7
真题回放：Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge. (剑9阅读)
译文：所以，当霍夫曼偶然提到说需要一种合成物质来代替奎宁时，毫不令人意外的是，他的得意门生承担了这一挑战。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。when引导的是时间状语从句;it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
Example 8
真题回放：In the mythology of giftedness, it is popularly believed that if people are talented in one area, they must be defective in another, that intellectuals are impractical, that prodigies burn too brightly too soon and burn out, that gifted people are eccentric, that they are physical weaklings,that there's a thin line between genius and madness, that genius runs in families, that the gifted are so clever they don't need special help, that giftedness is the same as having a high IQ, that some races are more intelligent or musical or mathematical than others, that genius goes unrecognised and unrewarded, that adversity makes men wise or that people with gifts have a responsibility to use them. (剑8阅读)
译文：在关于天才的神话中，人们普遍认为，如果人们在某方面很有天赋，那么他们一定会在其他方面有所不足;知识分子往往不切实际;神童往往昙花一现;天才往往很古怪;他们的体质都很孱弱;天才和疯子只有一线之隔;天赋是家族遗传的;天才很聪明，所以不需要任何特别的帮助;天才和高智商是一回事;有些种族比其他人更聪明、更有音乐天赋或更有数学头脑;天才总被埋没，得不到应有的回报;逆境出英才;天才有责任运用他们的天赋。
语法破解：这是个超长的句子，有116个单词，但对句子结构进行拆分之后，意思就很好理解了。这是一个多重主从复合句，it是形式主语，13个that引导的都是主语从句，这13个句子是同等关系。第一个that引导的主语从句中又包含一个由if引导的条件状语从句。在that the gifted are so clever they don't need special help中，又包含一个由so…(that已省略)引导的结果状语从句。
Example 9
真题回放：How and where man learnt how to produce flame at will is unknown. (剑1阅读)
译文：人类是如何并且从哪儿学到怎样去随意生产火焰还不得而知。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。How and where引导的是主语从句。
Example 10
真题回放：Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand' of economic progress would provide. (剑4阅读)
译文：回溯起来，看来不可思议的是：在1939到1945年的世界大战结束后的几年内，很多国家建立了国民卫生体系，人们认为这样的国民卫生体系至少在理论上能够满足任何人群的所有基础卫生需求，经济增长中“看不见的手”将提供一切所需。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句，第一个it是形式主语，第一个that引导的是主语从句。该主语从句本身又是一个主从复合句，画线的部分是由that引导的定语从句，修饰the national health systems;后面的it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，该主语从句又是由分号连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。
