让步状语从句，让步状语从句的定义：某一个句子发生在某一个时态，句子本身就是状语从句，这个状语从句让了一步给主句。其内涵相当于汉语中的“虽然”“尽管”“即使”“退一步说”等。
引导让步状语从句的主要引导词有：though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether...or..., no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever, regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite, in spite of。
1.though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意，这两个词在一般情况下可以互换使用。
在口语中though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用，但不能与but连用。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 2
Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed.
尽管发达国家的人口、工业产出和经济生产率继续飙升，但人们从含水层、河流和湖泊中取水的速度已经放缓。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 1
Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood.
然而，它在京都附近的Toji寺庙中留下了宏伟的五层塔，没有受到任何伤害，尽管它将附近的一些建筑物夷为平地。
《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 1 Passage 1
Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.
尽管这些设备在地中海周围运行良好，但在北欧多云和经常寒冷的天气中，它们不可能总是可靠的。
《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 1 Passage 3
Though less compelling than before, the outcome was still impressive.
虽然没有以前那么引人注目，但结果仍然令人印象深刻。
2.as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。
倒装形式有三种：
形容词或副词+as+主语+be动词或实义动词
名词(不带冠词)+as+主语+be动词
实义动词+as+主语+助动词(若无，则加上do/does/did)
比如：
Object as you may, I'll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I'll go.)
纵使你反对，我也要去。
3.even if, even though 表示“即使……”“纵使……”之意，含有一种假设。
这两个复合连词常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。
《剑桥雅思真题6》Test B Section 3
Even though over a thousand pterosaur specimens are known today,such wing impressions remain rare.
尽管目前已知的翼龙标本超过1000种，但这种翼印仍然很罕见。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 3
Even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosis or when we relive the event imaginatively, as in psychodrama.
即使这些次要的细节有点难以捉摸，但在催眠状态下，或者在我们想象中重新经历事件时，这些细节就会重现，就像在心理剧里一样。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 3 Passage 2
Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there.
即使你从来没有怀疑过当树叶变红的时候会发生这样的事情，但还是有线索的。
《剑桥雅思真题12》Test 6 Passage 3
Surprisingly, the bilinguals' brains had more physical signs of disease than their monolingual counterparts, even though their outward behaviour and abilities were the same.
令人惊讶的是，双语者的大脑比单语者的大脑有更多的疾病症状，尽管他们的外在行为和能力是一样的。
4.whether…or…表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
《剑桥雅思真题5》Test 3 Passage 3
Whether or not their technology lives up to the claims made for it, the fact that HNC are emphasising the use of AI is itself an interesting development.
不管他们的技术是否符合他们的要求，HNC强调使用人工智能这一事实本身就是一个有趣的发展。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 1
In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.
无论如何，不管原因是不是能源消耗，似乎都是这样的：除了一些奇怪的深海鱼类之外，除了人类以外，没有其他动物会利用人造光来寻找出路。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test A Passage 3
But the debate will no doubt continue as to whether or not it was right to repair the house after the fire.
但这场辩论无疑会继续下去，争论火灾后是否应该修复房子。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test B Writing Sample2
Whether or not this is a good thing for the child, is a moot point.
这对孩子来说是好事还是坏事，这是一个悬而未决的问题。
《剑桥雅思真题11》Test 1 Passage 2
These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats.
不管它们是不是在搬运小船，这些平底船总是一样重。
5.“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+ -ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 1
You're in business and need to be able to call your office and your clients whenever theneed arises.
你在做生意，需要随时打电话给你的办公室和客户。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test B Section 2
Wherever you come from, a gap year with Shooting Star means professional training and international adventure.
无论你来自哪里，与射击之星的空挡年意味着专业训练和国际冒险。
《剑桥雅思真题11》Test 2 Passage 2
Whichever is the case, there are surely some valuable lessons which the world at large can learn from the story of Rapa Nui.
无论哪种情况，全世界都可以从拉帕努伊的故事中学到一些宝贵的教训。
《剑桥雅思真题8》Test B Section 3
No matter how proud people are of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a marker of difference here.
不管人们对自己的文化根基有多么自豪，除了说英语之外的任何语言在这里都是不同的标志。
《剑桥雅思真题6》Test A Section 2
If you are not sure how to conduct a search for yourself, library staff can do it for you, but we charge $20 for this service, no matter how long or how short a time it takes.
如果您不知道如何进行搜索，图书馆工作人员可以为您做，但我们收取20美元的这项服务费，无论它需要多长时间。
《剑桥雅思真题3》Test B Section 1
Unlike most cards, the Fabulous Furniture Credit Card offers a full 60-day interest-free period on every Fabulous purchase—no matter when you make your purchase.
与大多数信用卡不同的是，精美的家具信用卡对每一笔精美的购买都提供60天的免息期——无论你什么时候购买。
注意：“no matter +疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词+ -ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 2 Passage 1
Whatever the British were drinking must have been important in regulating disease.
英国人喝的任何东西对于控制疾病肯定很重要。
6.when/while/whereas也可以表示“虽然”“而”“可是”，引导让步状语从句。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 3
While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates.
虽然暗示教学法因在现代语言教学中取得的成功而著名，但很少有老师能够模仿Lozanov和他的同事的惊人成果。
