there be句型结构分析
一、基本结构
there be ...句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为there be(is, are, was, were)+名词+地点状语。
《剑桥雅思真题12》Test 5 Passage 2
And yet there are millions of collectors around the world.
但世界上有数以百万计的收藏家。
二 各种句式
1.否定句:在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即:no + n.(名词)= not a/an/any + n.(名词)。
《剑桥雅思真题12》Test 3 Passage 1
However, in ants there is no cultural transmission—everything must be encoded in the genes—whereas in humans the opposite is true.
然而,在蚂蚁中没有文化传播,所有的东西都必须编码在基因中,而在人类中恰恰相反。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 1 Section 2
Unfortunately, there isn't space for an outdoor pool here.
很遗憾,这里没有室外游泳池。
2.一般疑问句:只需把be动词移到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 3 Section 1
Now, is there anything you'd like to ask?
现在,你有什么问题要问吗?
注意:疑问句和否定句中,some改为any, something改为anything。
三 注意事项
1.there be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(1)句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用“is”“was”。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test A Section 1
Nobody ever has enough money, so there is an overwhelming temptation to go for the cheapest property.
没有人有足够的钱,所以人们总是忍不住想买最便宜的房子。
(2)句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用“are” “were”。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test A Section 2
But there are some general rules that apply to any operation.
但是有一些适用于任何操作的一般规则。
(3)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。
例如:There is an apple and some bananas in the basket.
篮子里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。
2.there与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语(如和将来时、现在完成时、used to结构等连用)。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test A Section 2If an employee loses his/her card, there will be an automatic charge of $5.00 to issue a duplicate.
如果雇员丢失其卡,将自动收取5美元的手续费。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Passage 3
There has been a growing awareness of the need for countries to get together to co-ordinate their policies.
人们越来越意识到,各国需要走到一起,协调各自的政策。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Section 2
There used to be a lot of factories in this area until the 1960s.
在20世纪60年代以前,这个地区有很多工厂。
3.there be句型表示“存在有”, have/has表示“拥有”“所有”,两者不能同时使用。
4.there be+名词+分词。
这种句式中分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。现在分词doing表示动作和前面的名词有主谓关系,过去分词done表示动作和前面的名词有被动关系。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 3 Section 4
There were also photo-voltaic tiles fixed to the top and bottom of this sloping wall.
在这面倾斜的墙壁的顶部和底部还固定着光伏瓷砖。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 4 Passage 3
There is a good chance of silent genes surviving for up to 6 million years in at least a few individuals in a population.
在一个群体中,至少在少数个体中,沉默基因存活长达600万年的几率很大。
5.there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 3
There were no resources to repair them.
没有资源修复它们。
6.当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不相同。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 1 Passage 2
Whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see around us on the planet.
地球上是否有什么特别的东西孕育了我们在地球上看到的各种各样的生命形式。
7.与其他词连用,构成复合谓语。
《剑桥雅思真题6》Test 2 Passage 2
But there may be other contributing factors.但可能还有其他因素在起作用。
8.there are + n(复数名词/不可数名词)+ and + n(复数名词/不可数名词)。
表示同一类人或物的不同性质,尤其表示有好坏优劣之分,意为“有各种各样的”。
There are friends and friends.
朋友有好有坏。
There is tea and tea.
茶叶有好有差。
9.there is(no)need for+名词,意思为“(不)需要……”。
there is no need+动词不定式,意思为“(不)需要……”。
there is no use+动名词,该句式可与“it is no use+动名词”互换,意思为“……无用(无济于事)”。
There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.)
再等下去是没有用的。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test B Section 2
There is no need to buy a new outfit.
没有必要买一套新衣服。
10. there is nothing more...than...,意思为“没有……再……”。
There is nothing more absolute than change.
没有什么是比改变更确定的了。
11. there is no(not any)point in+动名词,意思为:“……是没有意义(思)的。”
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test A Section 2
There is no point in encouraging potential customers to contact you if your service is slow or non-existent.
如果你的服务速度慢或根本不存在,那么鼓励潜在客户与你联系是没有意义的。
12.情态动词及ought to, have to, used to用在there be结构中。
《剑桥雅思真题5》Test 1 Passage 2
There must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct.
一定有某种动物天生的攻击性本能。
《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 4 Section 4
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals.
多亏了纳米技术,随着更耐用金属的生产,交通运输领域可能会出现重大突破。
13. there is a possibility of(或that),表示“有可能”。
There is a possibility of my going to China.(= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to China.)
我有可能去中国。
14. there+动词,此句式只限于表示存在某种状态、发生某种事或某事、某人到达等,意义比there be结构更为生动贴切。
动词如live, lie, seem, appear,happen, exist, arise, enter, come, go, remain, exist, rise, occur, flow,arrive, enter, follow等。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 1 Section 3
Sometimes there seems to be no order in their discussion.
有时他们的讨论似乎没有条理。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 2 Passage 2
There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think.
在智力高度发达的人的思维方式上,似乎存在着质的差异。
15. there being/having been是独立主格结构,在句中作状语。
There having been no rain, the ground was dry.
由于没有下雨,地上很干燥。
16. there is nothing for it but to do sth,相当于“There is no choice but to do sth”,意为“别无他法,只能……”。
There is nothing for it but to rush him to hospital.
只有赶快把他送到医院了。
17. there is no doubt,表示“毫无疑问”。
But there is no doubt that the new genetic and dental evidence provides strong backing for Greenberg's view.
但毫无疑问,新的基因和牙齿证据为格林伯格的观点提供了强有力的支持。
18. there is a widespread belief,表示“广泛相信”。
There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport.
人们普遍认为,财富的增加会鼓励人们住得更远,因为汽车是唯一可行的交通工具。