with/without引导的独立主格结构，介词“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”可以构成独立主格结构，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格，即“with/without+名词/代词宾格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词或副词”。
1. with/without+名词/代词宾格+现在分词
例句：The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
语法：句中的without anyone knowing where it was是“without+代词宾格+现在分词短语”的独立主格结构。
译文：小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
2. with/without+名词/代词宾格+过去分词
例句：With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
语法：句中的With his homework done是“with+名词+过去分词”的独立主格结构。
译文：作业做完后，彼得出去玩了。
3. with/without+名词/代词宾格+不定式
例句：The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
语法：句中的with so much homework to do是“with+名词+不定式”的独立主格结构。
译文：有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
4. with/without+名词/代词宾格+介词短语
例句：He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.
语法：句中的with a computer in his hand是“with+名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构。
译文：他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
5. with/without+名词/代词宾格+形容词
例句：He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
语法：句中的with his clothes wet是“with+名词+形容词”的独立主格结构。
译文：他站在雨中，衣服都湿了。
6. with/without+名词/代词宾格+副词
例句：The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
语法：句中的with his father ahead是“with+名词+副词”的独立主格结构。
译文：男孩正在走着，他的爸爸在前面。
