托福听力学术类场景词汇，根据托福官方指南上的分类，可将新Task 3的题材分为生命科学、社会科学、自然科学和人文科学四大类。在此我们给大家整理了出现在TPO 1~34中的心理学(psychology)、社会学(sociology)、教育(education)、商业(business)、生物(biology)、艺术(art)等题材的高频词汇，并附上音标和中英文注释，供大家考前准备时使用。
对于背单词，所有市面上的工具书和App都是大同小异，无论你选择哪一本词汇书或者哪一种App来背单词，重要的都不是工具本身。背单词有没有捷径？如果用两个字来概括就是“坚持”；如果用四个字来概括就是“坚持坚持”！所以请大家做好吃苦的准备，并按照以下方法背单词。
背单词方法指南：
Step 1: 学生看到单词必须在2秒之内反应出中文释义，否则这个单词就算没背下来；
Step 2: 反过来，看到中文，要在2秒内反应出英文发音。
· Psychology, Sociology and Education（心理学、社会学和教育）
1.take…into account: to consider or remember something when judging a situation考虑到……
2.visible [ˑvɪzəbl] adj. possible to see; perceptible to the eye 看得见的· visibility n. 可见度；能见度· invisible adj. 看不见的；隐形的；无形的· invisibility n. 隐身术；隐藏性
3.observe [əbˑzɜːv] v. to watch attentively 观察
4.confirm [kənˑfɜːm] v.to support or establish the certainty or validity of; verify 确认· confirmation n.确认
5.pattern [ˑpæt(ə)n] n.a plan, diagram, or model to be followed in making things模式：behavior pattern
6.mental [ˑment(ə)l] adj.of or relating to the mind精神的：mental powers; mental health
7.discomfort [dɪsˑkʌmfət] n.mental or bodily distress 不适· comfort v. 安慰；抚慰· comfortable adj. 舒适的；安逸的· uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
8.chemist [ˑkemɪst] n.a scientist specializing in chemistry 化学家· chemistry n. 化学
9.eliminate [ɪˑlɪmɪneɪt] v.to get rid of; remove 消除· elimination n. 消除；消灭
10.conflict [ˑkɒnflɪkt] n.a state of open, often prolonged fighting; a battle or war 冲突
11.gesture [ˑdʒestʃə] n.a motion of the limbs or body made to express or help express thought or to emphasize speech 姿势；手势
12.enhance [ɪnˑhɑːns] v. to improve or augment, especially in effectiveness, value, or attractiveness 增强
13.convincing [kənˑvɪnsɪŋ] adj.serving to convince;persuasive or believable 有说服力的
14.intend [ɪnˑtend] v. to have in mind as something to be done or brought about; plan 打算：We may be communicating an entirely different and more accurate message than what we intend.· intention n.意图；打算；计划· intentional adj. 故意的；有意的；存心的
15.billboard [ˑbɪlbɔːd] n. a panel for the display of advertisements in public places, such as alongside highways or on the sides of buildings 广告牌
16.panther [ˑpænθə] n. a large wild cat such as a leopard or jaguar, especially in a color form with black fur 黑豹
17.consequence [ˑkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns] n.something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition 结果
18.discourage [dɪsˑkʌrɪdʒ] v.to deprive of confidence,hope, or spirit 劝阻；阻拦；使灰心· discouragement n. 泄气；灰心
19.setting [ˑsetɪŋ] n.the position, direction, or way in which something, such as an automatic control, is set 设置
20.misbehave [mɪsbɪˑheɪv] v.to behave badly 行为不端
21.sticker [ˑstɪkə] n.one that sticks, as an adhesive label or patch 贴纸
22.visual [ˑvɪʒjʊəl] adj.of or relating to the sense of sight视觉的：a visual organ; visual receptors on the retina· vision n. 视野；视力
23.auditory [ˑɔːdɪt(ə)rɪ] adj.of or relating to hearing, the sense of hearing, or the organs ofhearing 听觉的
24.horizontal [hɒrɪˑzɒnt(ə)l] adj. of, relating to, or near the horizon 水平的
25.tendency [ˑtend(ə)nsɪ] n. a characteristic likelihood 趋势：fabric that has a tendency to wrinkle
26.content [kənˑtent] adj. desiring no more than what one has; satisfied 满足的
27.adjust [əˑdʒʌst] v.to move or change (something) so as to be in a more effective arrangement or desired condition 调整
28.objective [əbˑdʒektɪv] n.something worked toward or striven for; a goal 目标
29.participant [pɑːˑtɪsɪp(ə)nt] n.one that participates,shares, or takes part in something 参与者
30.outcome [ˑaʊtkʌm] n. an end result; a consequence 结果
31.enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːzɪˑæstɪk] adj. having or demonstrating enthusiasm 热情的· enthusiasm n.热情
32.motivate [ˑməʊtɪveɪt] v.to provide with an incentive or a reason for doing something; impel激励· motivation n. 动机；积极性
33.output [ˑaʊtpʊt] n.an amount produced or manufactured during a certain time 输出
34.contribute [kənˑtrɪbjuːt] v.to give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for a common purpose 贡献
35.efficiency [ɪˑfɪʃ(ə)nsɪ] n.the quality or property of being efficient 效率· efficient adj.高效的
36.peel [piːl] v. to strip or cut away the skin, rind, or bark from; pare 剥落；去皮
37.involve [ɪnˑvɒlv] v.to have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail 涉及
38.consequence [ˑkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns] n.something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition 结果
39.imitate [ˑɪmɪteɪt] v.to use or follow as a model 模仿
40.nevertheless [nevəðəˑles] adv.in spite of that;nonetheless; however 然而
41.eventual [ɪˑventʃʊəl] adj. happening at the end of a period of time or of a process 最终的
42.in good shape: in good condition physically and functionally sound and sturdy 处于良好的状态
43.struggle [ˑstrʌg(ə)l] v.to exert muscular energy, as against a material force or mass 斗争
44.inappropriate [ɪnəˑprəʊprɪət] adj. unsuitable or improper 不恰当的
45.category [ˑkætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. a specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class类别· categorize v. 将……分类
46.favor [ˑfeɪvə] v. to perform a kindness or service for;oblige 赞成
47.split [splɪt] v. to divide (something) from end to end,into layers, or along the grain 分裂
· Business（商业）
1.ultimately [ˑʌltɪmətlɪ] adv. at last; in the end; eventually 最终·ultimate adj. 最后的；最终的
2.make-over [ˑmeɪkˌəʊvər] n. an overall treatment to improve something or make something more attractive or appealing修改；改造
3.promotion [prəˑməʊʃn] n. the act of promoting someone to a higher job, grade, or rank, or the fact of being so promoted升职· promote v.促进；推动；提升
4.side [saɪd] v.to align oneself in a disagreement 站在某一边
5.specific [spəˑsɪfɪk] adj.explicitly set forth; definite 具体的
6.determine [dɪˑtɜːmɪn] v. to establish or ascertain definitely, as after consideration, investigation, orcalculation 决定
7. potential [pəˑtenʃl] adj. capable of being but not yet in existence; latent or undeveloped潜在的
8.emphasize [ˑemfəsaɪz] v.to give emphasis to; stress 强调· emphasis n.强调；重视；重要性· emphatic adj.强调的；明确表示的
9.technique [tekˑniːk] n.the basic method for making or doing something, such as an artistic work or scientific procedure 技术
10.entertainment [entəˑteɪnm(ə)nt] n.the act of entertaining 娱乐
11.associate [əˑsəʊʃɪeɪt; -sɪeɪt] v.to connect in the mind or imagination 联系
12.reverse [rɪˑvɜːs] adj.turned backward in position,direction, or order 颠倒· reversal n.逆转；反转；颠倒
13.in-demand adj. greatly sought after; desired or required by many people 有需求的；抢手的
14.indicate [ˑɪndɪkeɪt] v. to show the way to or the direction of; point out 表明
15.limitation [lɪmɪˑteɪʃ(ə)n] n. the act of limiting or the state of being limited 限制
16.p ot [pɒt] n.any of various usually domestic containers made of pottery, metal, or glass 锅；罐
17.pan [pæn] n. a shallow, wide, open container, usually of metal and without a lid, used for holding liquids, cooking,and other domestic purposes 平底锅
· Biology（生物）
1.predator [ˑpredətə] n. an organism that lives by preying on other organisms 捕食者
2.defensive [dɪˑfensɪv] adj. intended or appropriate for defending; protective 防守的
3.startle [ˑstɑːt(ə)l] v.to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start 惊吓
4.prey [preɪ] n.an animal hunted or caught by another for food 猎物
5.blend [blend] v.to combine or mix (different substances)so that the constituent parts are indistinguishable from one another 混合
6.approach [əˑprəʊtʃ] v.to come near or nearer, as in space or time 接近
7.reflect [rɪˑflekt] v.to undergo or cause to undergo a process in which light, other electromagnetic radiation,sound, particles, etc., are thrown back after impinging on a surface 反射
8.serve as: act as, substitute for, function as, do the work of, do duty as作为
9.appropriate [əˑprəʊprɪət] adj. suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place;fitting 适当的
10.threaten [ˑθret(ə)n] v. to express a threat against or give indications of taking hostile action against 威胁
11.habitat [ˑhæbɪtæt] n. the natural environment in which a species or group of species lives 栖息地
12.circumstance [ˑsɜːkəmst(ə)ns] n.a condition or fact affecting an event and having some bearing on it; a determining or modifying factor 环境；情况；条件
13.evolution [ˌevəˑluːʃ(ə)n] n.a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form 进化· evolve v.进化；演化· evolutionary adj. 进化的；演变的
14.hemisphere [ˑhemɪsfɪə] n.a half of a sphere bounded by a great circle 半球
15.plain [pleɪn] n. an extensive, level, usually treeless area of land 平原
16.host [həʊst] n. one who receives or entertains guests in a social or official capacity 主人
17.platform [ˑplætfɔːm] n. a horizontal surface raised above the level of the adjacent area, as a stage for public speaking or a landing alongside railroad tracks 平台；站台
18.stem [stem] n. the main ascending part of a plant; a stalk or trunk 茎；干
19.complex [ˑkɒmpleks] adj. consisting of interconnected or interwoven parts; composite复杂的· complexity n. 复杂性
20.colony [ˑkɒlənɪ] n. a country or an area that is governed by people from another more powerful country 殖民地
21.automatically [ˌɔːtəˑmætɪklɪ] adv. as the result of a situation or action, and without you having to do anything more 自动地
22.plentiful [ˑplentɪfəl] adj. existing in great quantity or ample supply 丰富的
23.primarily [praɪˑmerəlɪ] adv. chiefly; mainly 主要地· primary adj. 主要的；基本的
24.unbalance [ˌʌnˑbæləns]v.to upset the balance of; cause to become unsteady 使不平衡
· Art（艺术）
1.context [ˑkɒntekst] n.the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning语境
2.character [ˑkærəktə] n. the combination of mental characteristics and behavior that distinguishes a person or group性格
3.skyscraper [ˑskaɪskreɪpə] n.a very tall building摩天大楼
4.gloomy [ˑgluːmɪ] adj. partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary阴暗的
5.detective [dɪˑtektɪv] n.a person, usually a member of a police force, who investigates crimes and obtains evidence or information侦探
6.outsider [aʊtˑsaɪdə] n.one who is excluded from or does not belong to a group, association,or set 局外人
7.isolation [aɪsəˑleɪʃ(ə)n] n.the act of isolating 隔离· isolate v. 孤立；使……分离
8.conventional [kənˑvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj.based on or in accordance with general agreement, use,or practice;customary传统的· convention n.习俗；惯例；常规· unconventional adj. 不因循守旧的
9.spare [speə] adj.kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use; extra 备用的
10.illustrate [ˑɪləstreɪt] v.to clarify or explain, as by the use of examples or comparisons说明· illustration n.插图；图解；图示· illustrative adj.说明性的；解释性的
11.clutter [ˑklʌtə(r)] n.a confused or disordered state or collection; a jumble杂乱；混乱
